Later in life and after his death, Hoover became a controversial figure as evidence of his secretive abuses of power began to surface. Hoover also established and expanded a national blacklist, referred to as the FBI Index or Index List. Hoover expanded the FBI into a larger crime-fighting agency and instituted a number of modernizations to policing technology, such as a centralized fingerprint file and forensic laboratories. Calvin Coolidge appointed Hoover as director of the Bureau of Investigation-the FBI's predecessor-in 1924, and in 1935 Hoover became instrumental in founding the FBI, where he remained director for 37 years until his death in 1972. John Edgar Hoover (January 1, 1895 – May 2, 1972) was an American law-enforcement administrator who served as the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
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